標題: 美國PEAT公司等離子熔融熱裂解垃圾處理爐與發電系統設備 [打印本頁]



公司網站
http://www.peat.com/


1. PTDR技術的文獻與其它資料

1.1 PTDR（等離子垃圾處理技術）介紹手冊
 PEAT.pdf (481.82 KB, 下載次數: 960)

1.2 PTDR設備與技術文獻
http://www.peat.com/articles.html

1.3 PTDR技術設備與流程圖片
http://www.peat.com/ptdr_pictures.html

1.4 PTDR技術設備與流程資料
http://www.peat.com/process_overview.html

1.5 等離子與等離子弧介紹
http://www.peat.com/plasma_torches.html

1.6 非常有用的最終產物
http://www.peat.com/useful_endproducts.html

1.7 令人滿意的環境數據
http://www.peat.com/environmental_data.html

1.8 有力的減碳手段
http://www.peat.com/carbon_reduction.html


2. PTDR設施分類

2.1 PTDR-100 Waste To Energy System


PEAT's PTDR-100 waste-to-energy system is an ideal, turn-key solution for small to medium-sized waste generators looking for stable and flexible on-site solutions to their waste management challenges. The PTDR-100 system provides a permanent, fully self-contained platform for facilities seeking an efficient, environmental and economical terminal medical waste and bio waste treatment and disposal solution.

System components

Feedstock requirements

Solid wastes are batch fed (up to 21 hours per day). The feeding system is designed to accommodate 30-gallon (113 liters) waste bags, 250mm x 250mm x 250mm (10-inch x 10-inch x 10-inch) boxes or waste in packed loose solid form. The maximum size of any waste material which can not be twisted/bent can not be more than 200 mm (~8 inches); this means that any part cannot be longer than 200 mm. The feed door to the system will have clear opening of 300 mm (~ 1 ft) on both sides

Utilities and labor


System footprint

The main PTDR system sits on two 10m x 2m skids (approximately 33 ft x 6.5 ft) with a high point of 4.5m (15 ft). An optional third skid (5m x 2m or approximately 16.5 x 6.5 ft) is provided, which houses the syngas accumulation system and syngas energy recovery equipment (if utilized).

Warranty data

PEAT will warranty the waste-to-energy system for 12 months from the date of commissioning. The Warranty will be against the manufacturing of equipment and components defects. The warranty does not cover spares, refractory lining, thermocouple and transmitters, other consumables and chemicals.  The warranty does not cover equipment or its parts that are damaged due to client's cause, directly or indirectly

資料文件
 PTDR-100-specifications.pdf (1.74 MB, 下載次數: 323)


2.2 PTDR-500 Waste To Energy System

PTDR- 500 Waste To Energy SystemPEAT's PTDR-500 waste-to-energy system is an ideal, turn-key solution for industrial facilities. The PTDR-500 system provides a permanent, fully self-contained platform for facilities seeking an efficient, environmental and economical terminal chemical waste and hazardous waste treatment and disposal solution.

System components

Each system comes equipped with the following subsystems:


Feedstock requirements

Solid wastes are batch fed (up to 22 hours per day). The feeding system is designed to accommodate 30-gallon (113 liters) waste bags, 400mm x 400mm x 400mm (15.75-inch x 15.75-inch x 15.75-inch) boxes or waste in packed loose solid form. The maximum size of any waste material which can not be twisted/bent can not be more than 400 mm; this means that any part cannot be longer than 400 mm. The feed opening to the system will have clear opening of 600 mm (~ 2 ft) on both sides.

Utilities and labor

System footprint

Approximately 750 m2 (~8,000 square feet).

Warranty data

PEAT will warranty the waste-to-energy system for 12 months from the date of commissioning. The Warranty will be against the manufacturing of equipment and components defects. The warranty does not cover spares, refractory lining, thermocouple and transmitters, other consumables and chemicals. The warranty does not cover equipment or its parts that are damaged due to client's cause, directly or indirectly.

資料文件
PTDR-500-specifications.pdf (4.31 MB, 下載次數: 299)


2.3 PTDR-1000 Waste To Energy System

PTDR-1000 Waste To Energy SystemPEAT's PTDR-1000 waste-to-energy system is an ideal, turn-key solution for industrial facilities. The PTDR-1000 system provides a permanent, fully self-contained platform for facilities seeking an efficient, environmental and economical terminal chemical waste and hazardous waste treatment and disposal solution. System componentsEach system comes equipped with the following subsystems:

PTDR-1000 Overview


Feedstock requirements

Solid wastes are continuously charged (up to 22 hours per day). The feeding system is designed to accommodate 30-gallon (113 liters) waste bags, 400mm x 400mm x 400mm (15.75-inch x 15.75-inch x 15.75-inch) boxes or waste in packed loose solid form. The maximum size of any waste material which can not be twisted/bent can not be more than 400 mm; this means that any part cannot be longer than 400 mm. The feed opening to the system will have clear opening of 600 mm (~ 2 ft) on both sides.

Utilities & Labor

System Footprint

Approximately 2,850 m2 (~31,000 square feet);this includes the on-site power generating equipment.
Warranty dataPEAT will warranty the waste-to-energy system for 12 months from the date of commissioning. The Warranty will be against the manufacturing of equipment and components defects. The warranty does not cover spares, refractory lining, thermocouple and transmitters, other consumables and chemicals. The warranty does not cover equipment or its parts that are damaged due to client's cause, directly or indirectly.

資料文件
PTDR-1000-Specifications.pdf (3.34 MB, 下載次數: 294)


3. PTDR技術實施案例

Sacramento, California, USA

In 2010, a US-based demonstration waste-to-energy system was commissioned in the Sacramento, CA area at a commercial research and development foundry named Technikon. Technikon desired a plasma gasification system to potentially treat US Army waste streams under Department of Defense and Department of Energy contracts. Locating and permitting a waste-to-energy system in California - arguably the most stringent air emission state in the US - illustrates the minimal environmental footprint associated with the plasma gasification technology.

PTDR-100 Waste To Energy System - Liaohua, Chinese Mainland

In late 2010, a PTDR-100 plasma gasification system was commissioned in Northern China for a large oil refinery to treat petroleum sludge and other related waste streams. This is a pilot project for the refinery, which is looking to support the purchase of multiple PTDR-1000 systems.

PTDR-100 - Taichung, China Taiwan

In 2008, a PTDR-100 plasma gasification system was commissioned in Gujarat, India. The system processed a wide range of solid waste streams, including hazardous waste, medical waste, industrial waste and pharmaceutical waste. The system is being re-commissioned in Taichung, Taiwan.

National Cheng Kung University - Tainan, China Taiwan

At the National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), PEAT completed the construction of a 3-to-5-metric ton per day ("TPD") PTDR plasma gasification system to process a wide range of solid waste streams, including industrial waste and toxic waste such as incinerator fly ash, medical waste and inorganic sludges. The plasma gasification facility can also process waste consumer batteries and other materials, including heavy metal sludges, refinery catalysts (hazardous waste streams that would generate valuable metal alloys). This plasma gasification facility, which was constructed as part of a comprehensive resource recovery facility funded by the Taiwan government, was commissioned in November 2004 and received its operating permit in January, 2005. PEAT designed, built and commissioned the PTDR plasma gasification facility and has been an active participant in the operations and maintenance of the plasma gasification facility on behalf of NCKU for its research purposes.

PEAT, and its contracting partner, RPTI International - a leading government-owned engineering/construction firm, were selected as the contracting team for a comprehensive resource recovery facility. The centerpiece of this facility is the PTDR plasma gasification system. This was the first time the Government of Taiwan committed financial and technical resources to the utilization of plasma gasification technology. This project also serves as a platform from which Taiwan may embark on a nationwide program to deploy plasma gasification systems for processing industrial waste like incinerator fly ash at many of its municipal waste incinerators.Since its commissioning, the plasma gasification facility has successfully processed a wide range of industrial waste, including incinerator fly ashes.

Fooyin University - Kaohsiung, China Taiwan

In January 2007, PEAT completed the construction on a 45 lbs (20 kg)/hr PTDR plasma gasification system at Fooyin University located in Kaohsiung (southern part of the country). The lab-sized unit, utilizing PEAT's advanced plasma gasification reactor configuration was designed to test a variety of solid hazardous waste and industrial waste streams with minimal amounts of piping and/or electrical connections. This plasma gasification facility, along with NCKU aullows PEAT to continuously validate its modeling simulation calculations.

Lorton, Virginia, USA

PEAT designed, built and proved-out a 350 kg/hr (750 lb/hour) demonstration plasma gasification system for the U.S. Army under the Congressionally funded PEPS (Plasma Energy Pyrolysis System) Project in Lorton, Virginia. As part of the contracting team, PEAT successfully demonstrated the 6-to-8-ton-per-day capacity of the plasma gasification system. The PTDR performed in full compliance with State and U.S. EPA permit, achieving a destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of 99.99999%.Following the initial acceptance tests, two extended demonstrations were conducted under the program to assess technology maturity and facilitate its full-scale implementation to destroy problem Defense Department waste streams. The waste steams selected for the two commercial demonstrations were Agricultural Blast Media and Regulated Medical Waste, respectively. The PTDR plasma gasification system operated for a minimum of 200 hours on a 24-hour basis during each of two demonstrations. Subsequently, the facility continued to be successfully operated.The plasma gasification facility, which occupied 440 square meters (4,750 square feet), was dismantled in 2001 having completed its mission for the US Army. The plasma gasification facility was relocated to a site owned by the Georgia Tech Research Institute (a partner of PEAT), where it is planned to used to further its continuing plasma research & development missions.


4. PTDR技術的研究與發展

Research & Development

PEAT designed, built, operated and maintained a 150 kW pilot plasma gasification system previously located at a facility in Huntsville, Alabama since 1992. The plasma gasification system was able to process 50 to 100 KGs per hour of test materials, depending on the material characteristics. The pilot plasma gasification system, which occupied approximately 310 square meters (3,300 square feet), was configured for testing, and was fully permitted for industrial waste treatment, toxic waste treatment and medical waste treatment.All thermal treatment technologies processing industrial waste, toxic waste and/or medical waste require site-specific permits. In anticipation of these requirements, PEAT's early research, development and testing involved third party sampling and analysis of air, water and solid residue associated with the PTDR plasma gasification processing of a wide variety of industrial waste streams.

Over the past 10 years, PEAT has compiled a track record of performing hundreds of campaigns processing a wide range of waste streams. This dynamic and comprehensive database is instrumental in the permitting application process for new site-specific PTDR plasma gasification systems. PEAT's in-house database includes one of the largest independently validated gas composition and slag leachability tests - demonstrating the versatility and performance of the PTDR plasma gasification technology. Any waste that is candidate for thermal processing is a potential candidate for PTDR plasma gasification processing.


5. PTDR垃圾處理與優勢

PEAT公司的PTDR技術製程對環境無害並能將廢棄物流轉換為四項最終產物：
- clean syngas 潔淨的合成氣
- inert glass silicate and 惰性矽酸鹽玻璃
- recovered metal alloys 還原金屬合金
- electricity 電力

簡單來說，廢棄物進料中的有機成分經轉換成為合成氣以生產珍貴的替代性能源（例如：電力、熱能或可用於生產如酒精的液態燃料），而廢棄物進料中的無機成分則經融熔並轉換為 極堅硬、不溶出的玻璃產品，可作多項商業運用；廢棄物進料中的金屬成分亦能以純金屬或金屬合金之形式還原。實質上，所有廢棄物進料都經轉換成為有用的終產品，因此能100 %利用廢棄物，其完全排除掩埋處置之需。

本技術運用由電漿生成系統（例如電漿炬）所產生的超高熱能，在缺氧環境中首先將組成廢棄物中有機成分的分子拆散，接著藉由加入控制量的氧化劑（例如：純氧及蒸氣）使基本元 素重組為合成氣，合成氣主要成分為一氧化碳（CO）與氫氣（H2）可作為燃料使用。無機廢棄物（例如：電池、印刷電路板）經過玻璃化成為對環境無害的玻璃體以及還原金屬合 金。

PTDR製程提供一套獨特、具經濟效益且對環境無害的技術，遠超過其他主流的廢棄物處理方式：
PTDR製程實際上能利用任何種類廢棄物，包含有機、無機與重金屬成分之組合。

PTDR製程利用內在綜效可一起處理無機與有機廢棄物進料，因此可將前置作業、準備及管理成本降至最低，從而降低前置作業成本並提高收益流。

PTDR製程與焚化法或含金屬廢棄物的穩定法不同，它不產生任何需要再次處理或掩埋的二次廢棄物。例如，焚化爐除了燃燒的排煙造成明顯的空氣污染外，亦產生大量具毒性且需 （以穩定媒介）再次處理的底、飛灰， 而處理後的物料（添加穩定劑使處理量大增）仍需最終處置，通常是掩埋於特定的有害廢棄物掩埋場。

處理廢棄物進料中有機成分所產生的合成氣終產品是一項珍貴的替代性能源（熱值約為：8.5 MJ/Nm3, ~2,000 Kcal/Nm3）。該合成氣終產品可用於生產熱能（可抵銷採購化石燃料的成本或生產製程蒸氣）、電力及�或作為進料用於生產如：酒精的液態燃料。此外，合成氣富含氫氣可 提供一項珍貴且價格低廉的氫氣來源作為工業性、能源性（例如：燃料電池）或運輸性使用。

PTDR技術已在全球多處取得法規許可，
包含：

•美國維吉尼亞州環境品質部加州公共衛生部
•美國阿拉巴馬州環境管理部
•美國亨茨維爾市天然資源處
•美國聖地牙哥市空氣污染防治區
•美國印第安納州環境管理部
•美國密西根州環境品質部
•印度古吉拉特邦污染防治局
•印度新德里中央污染防治局
•台灣行政部環保署
•台灣教育部
•台灣高雄環保局

PTDR系統可處理多樣固態廢棄物流

包含：
•城市固態廢棄物
•生醫廢棄物，包含傳染性、紅袋、尖銳物、病理性、微量化療性
• 一般及�或工業性廢棄物流，如廢電池、廢電子、溶液及污泥
•受污染土壤
•焚化爐飛灰
•製藥廢棄物
• 工業性及有害性廢棄物，包含高鹵化成份廢棄物（如：多氯聯苯）
PTDR系統提供正追尋有效、環保且經濟的最終處理處置方案的所有者一個永久、完全自足的平台。


6. 顧問與專家團隊
http://www.peat.com/management.html


7. 其它同類技術




8. 我的觀點

在成本相若的情況下，等離子處理廢物較焚燒垃圾環保及產生更多電力。
普通垃圾焚化需要使用燃油來助燃，而等離子技術無需燃油。
等離子垃圾處理法不會產生二噁英（垃圾焚化在溫度不夠高的情況下，會產生二噁英）。
等離子垃圾處理工廠如有需要，隨時可以停止運作。就算是出現機械故障導致突然停運亦不會導致有毒氣體散佚。
而普通垃圾焚化因為使用火來焚燒垃圾，無法隨時停止燃燒；一旦使用水來強行澆滅焚燒中的垃圾，這堆垃圾將無法再進行焚燒而只能掩埋處理。
還有，香港引入的垃圾焚燒將不考慮用以發電，燃燒所得的熱量只能浪費掉。
等離子焚化加上燃氣輪機，可以將所得的熱量推動輪機來發電。
因此政府應該考慮引入此係統而非日本的垃圾焚燒技術處理廢物，並將輸出的電力併入電網。

既然特區政府總是説要發展創新產業，那我就說一句：

創新，由垃圾處理開始



等離子體高溫電漿廢棄物處理系統
http://www.nick2007.com.tw/modules/tadnews/page.php?nsn=5


垃圾可發電 熔爐5538℃

【陳怡妏╱綜合外電報導】美國佛州聖露西郡（St. Lucie）決定興建新型垃圾處理廠，讓堆積如山的垃圾人間蒸發，不僅再也不必煩惱垃圾如何處埋，水蒸氣和固體渣滓等副產品還能發電或鋪路，一舉多得。

渣滓還可鋪路                                                                                                                              
聖露西郡的環保救星是電漿電弧垃圾氣化廠，建造費用約4.25億美元（約台幣140億元），佔地9290平方公尺，有八座電漿電弧熔爐，可產生接近太陽表面溫度的攝氏5538度超高溫將垃圾氣化，預計兩年後完工，每天可處理3千噸垃圾。

蒸發垃圾產生的可燃氣體，將用來渦輪發電，每天可製造1億2千萬瓦電力，其中三分之一供電廠自用，剩下的還可賣給電力公司換錢。蒸發垃圾日產八萬磅水蒸氣，將作為果汁公司純品康納（Tropicana）的動力來源，同時產生的600噸有機固體物則壓成渣，可用來鋪路。

垃圾氣化廠由於幾乎不會製造廢氣，比現在的垃圾掩埋場跟焚化爐環保得多。目前全世界已有兩座垃圾氣化廠。

http://tw.nextmedia.com/applenews/article/art_id/2881448/IssueID/20060911



建焚化爐首選石鼓洲

本港三個堆填區面臨逼爆，垃圾處理問題迫在眉睫。政府昨日公佈垃圾焚化爐選址，意外地傾向選擇長洲對開的石鼓洲人工島興建焚化爐，工程需額外填海近十六公頃，不過政府不排除在屯門曾咀興建另一座焚化爐的可能性。環境局稱，選擇石鼓洲是基於四大因素，但承認落成時間將較在曾咀興建遲兩年，最快待二○一八年堆填區逼爆時才能啟用。當局同時沒交代整項工程的造價，只稱肯定較曾咀昂貴。

本報記者 黃俊鋒


政府昨日公佈兩個垃圾焚化爐選址的環境影響評估報告，並由昨日起至下月十八日諮詢公眾、環諮會、區議會等意見。環境局局長邱騰華表示，根據環評報告結果，屯門曾咀與石鼓洲人工島兩個選址，均適合興建包括垃圾焚化爐在內的綜合廢物管理設施，不過當局在考慮廢物設施的整體佈局、運輸垃圾的路程、經濟效益和環境污染四大因素後，傾向以石鼓洲作為興建選址。

最快2018年啟用

邱騰華解釋，雖然曾咀及石鼓洲兩個都屬於偏遠選址，但石鼓洲距離人口密集區域較遠，對環境的累積影響會較低；而且石鼓洲距離港島西、港島東、西九龍三個廢物轉運站較近，將來經水路把垃圾運往焚化，運輸路程較曾咀減省近三成。他説，現時屯門已有堆填區、污泥焚化廠等垃圾處理設施，選址石鼓洲可以令本港焚化爐的分佈更加均衡，而且進行工程期間，可為離島區域帶來經濟協同效益，包括就業或參觀等。

政府消息人士表示，石鼓洲距離最近的長洲市中心介乎三點五至五公里，而且石鼓洲風向是由東北吹向西南，幫助污染空氣擴散。石鼓洲地勢可作為天然屏風，「基本上在長洲碼頭是望不到焚化爐」，相信不會對長洲空氣帶來影響。他説，由三個廢物轉運站透過海路運送垃圾往石鼓洲，每年運輸路程為六萬九千公里，較曾咀的九萬四千公里少兩成七路程，經量化後每年可減少四百七十公噸二氧化碳排放量。他稱，石鼓洲焚化爐施工階段，可創造一千個職位，營運期則可帶來二百個職位。

需填海建人工島

不過在石鼓洲興建焚化爐，需要填海建造人工島、防波堤、圍墩等設施。消息人士説，工程涉及的填海面積達十五點九公頃，當局將於諮詢期完結後，在四月就填海刊憲，以及制定石鼓洲分區計劃大綱圖，並於明年初向立法會財委會申請撥款，若獲得批准，預料最快可於二○一三年六月展開工程，並於二○一八年啟用，較曾咀的二○一六年延遲兩年，屆時本港三個堆填區已達飽和狀態。當局稱，有信心能做好源頭減廢，因此不能單純作出比較。

消息人士説，當局現正計算所需成本，但由於牽涉填海，加上工程物料價格浮動，難以評估現時整項工程造價，要視乎屆時有多少公司參與投標、設計方案等因素，才有具體估算，但造價肯定較曾咀昂貴。當局曾於○八年表示，興建垃圾焚化爐需要四十億元，每年的營運費用為二億元。

環境局早前屬意於曾咀選址興建，但遭到屯門居民強烈反對。被問及今次選址是否出於政治考慮，避免該區成為另一個將軍澳區，邱騰華沒有正面回應，只強調今次選址是考慮多個因素，而作出綜合決定。但邱騰華不排除未來繼石鼓洲之後，在曾咀也興建第二個焚化爐，他稱要視乎本港全面的減廢情況而定。

當局預料屆時綜合廢物管理設施投入運作後，每日可處理達三千噸的廢物，當中以垃圾焚化爐為核心科技，可將處理的廢物體積大幅減少九成，並可轉廢為能，産生的電力足夠供應約十萬戶居民使用，為香港每年減少四十四萬噸二氧化碳排放。

http://www.takungpao.com/news/top/2011-02-18/560060.html





聽落好似優勝垃圾焚化好多{:clap:}

bluemoon 發表於 2011-12-13 14:25
聽落好似優勝垃圾焚化好多

事實就是這樣。

我也是傾向支持等離子分解技術的。

有机废物等离子体气化技术分析与探讨

http://www.coronalab.net/wxzl/274.pdf

morris_2007 發表於 2012-4-10 13:21
有机废物等离子体气化技术分析与探讨

http://www.coronalab.net/wxzl/274.pdf

有無機與有害廢物的等離子處理資料嗎？